Dr. CARLO A. BRAVI Urologist and Andrologist
What is a Bladder Endoscopy?
A bladder endoscopy, also known as a cystoscopy, is a procedure that allows Dr Bravi to directly examine the inside of your bladder and urethra using a slender instrument called a cystoscope, which is equipped with a light and camera. A cystoscopy can be performed with a flexible instrument, most commonly used for diagnostic purposes, such as investigating blood in the urine, recurrent infections, or unexplained urinary symptoms. It is typically performed in the clinic using a local anaesthetic gel and takes just a few minutes, with minimal discomfort and no recovery downtime.
In certain cases where a more interventional approach is required—such as treating bladder tumors, removing stones, or addressing urethral strictures—a rigid cystoscopy may be necessary. This is a more involved procedure typically performed in the operating theatre under sedation or general anaesthesia, depending on the nature and complexity of the treatment. Among others, the specific interventions that may be performed during rigid cystoscopy include:
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Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT): for the treatment of bladder tumors/masses
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Transurethral Cystolitholapaxy: for the removal of bladder stones
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Urethrotomy: for the treatment of urethral stricture
Why Might You Need a Cystoscopy?
Dr Bravi may recommend a bladder endoscopy if you are experiencing:
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Blood in the urine (haematuria), to exclude bladder cancer
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Frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs)
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Urinary urgency or frequency
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Painful urination/Difficulty emptying the bladder
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Cystoscopy is also used to monitor patients with a history of bladder cancer or investigate abnormalities seen on scans or urine tests.
What to Expect During the Procedure
What you can expect varies depending on whether a flexible cystoscopy (usually diagnostic) or a rigid cystoscopy (often interventional) is performed. The key differences between these two procedures are summarized below.
Flexible cystoscopy
Setting: In the clinic with local anaesthetic gel applied to the urethra.
Process: A flexible cystoscope is gently passed through the urethra into the bladder. Sterile water is used to fill the bladder for better visibility.
Duration: Typically takes 5 to 10 minutes.
Patient experience: May feel slight discomfort or pressure but generally not painful. Patients can watch the procedure on screen if desired.
Aftercare: Go home immediately; mild burning or slight bleeding for 24–48 hours is common. Drink plenty of fluids; resume normal activities same day.
Rigid cystoscopy
In the operating theatre under sedation or general anaesthesia.
A rigid cystoscope is inserted through the urethra into the bladder. Sterile water is used as per flexible cystoscopy.
Typically takes 15 to 45 minutes, depending on the complexity.
Post-procedure discomfort expected; mild to moderate burning, urgency, and slight bleeding common for several days.
Monitored post-procedure until sedation wears off; avoid strenuous activity for a few days; pain management and follow-up as advised.
The follow-up plan after your cystoscopy will depend on what Dr Bravi discovers during the procedure. If everything appears normal, you may simply need routine check-ups to ensure ongoing urinary health. However, if biopsies were taken, tumors identified, stones removed, or strictures treated, Dr Bravi will develop a personalized follow-up plan to monitor your recovery and address any further treatment needs. This may include additional imaging, repeat cystoscopies, medication, or referrals to other specialists.
Dr Bravi will discuss the findings with you in detail and work with you to create a personalized plan to support your recovery and prevent future issues. It’s important to attend all follow-up visits and communicate any new symptoms so that your care can be adjusted as needed. Also, clear communication and timely follow-up ensure the best possible outcomes and ongoing management of your urinary health.
